Weather in December

December brings with it a distinctly wintery feel, characterised by cold temperatures, shortened daylight, and the occasional frost or snow. As a gardener, adapting to these conditions is vital to ensure your garden remains healthy and well-prepared for the coming year. Understanding how December weather affects your garden allows you to take proactive steps that protect plants and optimise growing conditions.

Cold and Frost: Protection is Key

Throughout December, the UK experiences average minimum temperatures hovering around 1.1°C, with frosts becoming a regular occurrence. Gardeners must prioritise protecting plants that are sensitive to frost. Using horticultural fleece to cover tender perennials or adding a layer of mulch can insulate root systems, safeguarding them from freezing temperatures.

Diligent frost protection ensures plants like delicate shrubs and young trees come through the winter unscathed. Monitoring weather forecasts and being prepared to cover plants before frost strikes can make all the difference.

Shorter Days: Making the Most of Daylight

With daylight hours reduced to as little as six hours in northern regions, maximising light becomes challenging yet crucial. Consider pruning trees and bushes to enable more light to reach your garden beds. If possible, move potted plants to sunnier spots to ensure they receive adequate light. Reflective surfaces can also help bounce light onto shaded spots in the garden.

Rain and Moisture: Preventing Waterlogging

December typically sees an average rainfall of around 120 mm across the UK. Proper drainage is essential to prevent waterlogging, which can lead to root rot and other issues. Ensure pots and planting areas have sufficient drainage and consider adding organic matter to improve soil structure.

For lawns, avoid heavy foot traffic during wet conditions to minimise compaction, which can exacerbate drainage problems. Regularly clearing leaves and debris from garden surfaces also prevents these areas from becoming waterlogged.

Snowfall: Caring for Plants and Structures

In some regions, snow may make an appearance. Whilst snow acts as an insulating blanket for plants, heavy accumulation can damage branches and structures. Gently brush snow off tree branches and hedges to prevent breaking. Make sure greenhouses and cold frames can withstand the extra weight that snow might bring, and clear paths to ensure accessibility.

In conclusion, December weather demands adaptability and care in the garden. By focusing on frost protection, maximising light, preventing waterlogging, and managing any snowfall, gardeners can maintain healthy plants and prepare for a successful spring. Embracing these winter challenges equips you with the knowledge and readiness to nurture a thriving garden year-round.

General Considerations for Gardening in December

December marks a time of rest for much of the garden, but UK gardeners still have important tasks to tackle. With shorter days and colder temperatures, understanding how to care for your plants during this month is crucial for maintaining a healthy garden. Here are some key considerations to keep your garden thriving through December.

Protection from Frost

Frost is one of the biggest challenges in December, with temperatures often dipping below freezing. Protecting your plants from frost damage is essential. Use horticultural fleece to cover tender perennials and shrubs, insulating them against the cold. Mulching is another effective strategy; it insulates root systems and preserves moisture levels, shielding plants from harsh frosts.

Managing Limited Daylight

With daylight at a minimum, ensuring your garden receives sufficient light is challenging yet necessary. Consider pruning back overhanging branches to allow more sunlight to reach the garden beds. For potted plants, especially those that thrive on sunlight, moving them to brighter spots can make all the difference.

Preparing Garden Structures

December offers a perfect opportunity to inspect and prepare garden structures for winter. Check that greenhouses, sheds, and cold frames are secure enough to withstand winter storms. This maintenance includes sealing any leaks and ensuring that doors and windows fit snugly. Having fully functional structures protects your plants and tools from the elements.

Planning and Ordering for Spring

While much of December focuses on protecting what currently grows, it’s also a strategic time for planning ahead. Review seed catalogues, and start considering what you’ll plant when the weather warms up. Order seeds and organise your planting schedule, ensuring an efficient start when spring arrives.

Feeding Wildlife

Don’t forget about your garden’s wildlife during the winter months. Birds and other creatures play vital roles in the garden ecosystem, controlling pests and helping with pollination. Install bird feeders and provide a fresh water source to support these animals. Doing so strengthens the biodiversity of your garden, which can contribute to healthier plant life.

General Clean-Up

Finally, carry out a general tidy-up of garden beds and lawns. Remove fallen leaves and debris, which can harbour pests and diseases. Adding organic matter to beds can improve soil health, offering some fertility over the winter.

By focusing on these essential December considerations, you set the stage for a flourishing garden in the coming year. Protecting your plants, planning for the future, and maintaining garden structures are all vital steps. Embrace December as a time of preparation, ensuring you are ready for the renewal and growth that spring will bring.

Lawns

As December begins, gardeners may think lawn care is over for the year, but there are still important tasks to ensure your grass remains healthy through winter. Although growth has slowed, careful attention during this period helps maintain a lush lawn ready for spring resurgence. Here’s how to care for your lawn in December.

Avoid Excess Mowing

In December, grass growth is minimal, typically ceasing when temperatures fall below 5°C (41°F). Therefore, regular mowing isn’t necessary. However, if your lawn has experienced mild weather and the grass remains long, consider a light trim. Raise your mower’s cutting height to avoid cutting too short, which can stress the grass during cold spells.

Clear Leaves and Debris

Leaves and debris accumulate quickly in December, blocking light and retaining moisture, which can harm your lawn. Regularly raking leaves not only prevents fungal disease but also allows light and air to reach the grass. Use collected leaves to create leaf mould, an excellent soil conditioner that benefits your garden later.

Address Waterlogging

December’s rainfall can lead to waterlogged lawns, particularly on clay-heavy soils. Improve drainage by using a garden fork or mechanical aerator to spike the lawn. This process allows water to drain away and air to circulate to the roots. Adding sand to the surface also helps improve the soil structure over time.

Minimise Foot Traffic

Frost makes grass blades brittle and susceptible to damage, so it’s best to avoid walking on a frosty lawn. Regular use during frosty conditions can lead to compaction and leave unsightly footprints or damage. If needed, lay down temporary paths or stepping stones during wet or frosty periods to minimise lawn impact.

Check for Pests and Diseases

Lawn diseases such as fusarium patch (snow mould) can set in over winter, particularly in poorly drained areas. If yellow or brown patches appear, maintain good lawn hygiene and drainage. Remove affected grass and consider applying a suitable fungicide if the problem persists.

Prepare for Spring

Use December’s downtime to plan an effective lawn care strategy for spring. Consider any reseeding or fertilising required to boost your lawn’s health. This early planning ensures you’re ready with materials and tactics once growth picks up with warmer weather.

By following these essential steps in December, you set the foundation for a robust, vibrant lawn next spring. Protect your lawn by reducing traffic, managing water drainage, and keeping it tidy. Embrace these winter tasks to ensure your lawn stays green and healthy year-round, prepared to flourish when the growth season returns.

Roses

As winter settles in, December presents a key opportunity to ensure your roses remain healthy and ready to bloom come spring. Although growth largely halts during these colder months, taking care of your roses now lays the groundwork for vigorous growth later. Here’s how to keep your roses in top shape throughout December.

Pruning and Tidying

December is the perfect time for gardeners to conduct initial pruning of their rose bushes. This involves removing any dead, damaged, or diseased wood to maintain plant health. Cut back long stems by about a third to prevent them from catching the wind and suffering damage. Avoid cutting into the main framework of the plant during this time; save heavier pruning for late winter or early spring.

Protecting Roots

Newly planted or young roses need protection from extreme cold. Apply a layer of mulch around the base of each plant to insulate roots and conserve soil moisture. Materials such as bark, well-rotted manure, or compost work well. Be sure to keep mulch away from the stem itself to prevent rot.

Supporting Climbing Roses

Climbing roses may require extra support during the winter months. Check that all ties and supports are secure, ensuring plants remain in place during winter winds. Redirect any wayward stems to promote desirable growth patterns for next season’s bloom.

Preparing for Spring

December is an excellent time to plan for the upcoming growing season. Consider purchasing new rose varieties to plant in early spring and ensure you have necessary supplies, such as fertiliser and mulch, on hand. Reflect on your garden’s past performance and make strategic decisions to improve it next year.

Enjoying Winter Interest

While roses don’t showcase their typical beauty in December, their hips add seasonal interest to the garden, providing structure and a food source for birds. Embrace this aspect while focusing on tending to your plants.

By carrying out these essential December tasks, your roses will stay robust and ready for spring growth. Regular maintenance and thoughtful planning ensure that your roses continue to be a standout element of your garden. Enjoying their beauty throughout the year requires preparation and care, making December an integral part of successful rose gardening.

Herbaceous Plants

As winter descends, December presents unique challenges and opportunities for gardeners with herbaceous plants. While these plants typically retreat below ground during the colder months, taking some key steps now will ensure they emerge healthy and vibrant when spring arrives. Here’s how you can care for your herbaceous plants in December.

Cutting Back

One important task is cutting back the stems of herbaceous perennials that have died back. Removing the spent foliage helps tidy your garden and prevents pests and diseases from overwintering. Use clean, sharp tools to cut stems down to ground level. Leaving a few centimetres can still provide some frost protection.

Mulching for Protection

Applying mulch is crucial for protecting the crowns of herbaceous plants from heavy frost and fluctuating temperatures. Spread a generous layer of mulch—such as bark chips, straw, or well-rotted compost—around the base of your plants. This not only insulates roots but also improves soil structure and fertility as it breaks down.

Dividing and Transplanting

If the ground isn’t frozen, December can be a good time to divide and transplant some herbaceous perennials. This task is best suited for mature plants that have become overcrowded. Carefully dig up the root clumps, divide them into smaller sections, and replant in well-prepared soil, ensuring the crown is at the ground level. This will rejuvenate plants and promote better blooms next season.

Protecting Vulnerable Plants

For more tender herbaceous plants, consider covering them with cloches or horticultural fleece. This extra layer of protection shields them from severe frosts and harsh winds. Secure these protections well to prevent them from being dislodged.

Evaluating Winter Interest

While many herbaceous plants retreat, some provide winter interest in the garden. Structures such as seed heads and ornamental grasses can add texture and movement. Leave these plants in place for visual interest and to provide food and habitat for wildlife through the winter months.

Planning Ahead

Use December’s quiet garden moments to plan for spring and summer. Consider any new plants or seeds you’d like to introduce to your garden. Reviewing plant performance and making notes on changes enhances your garden’s success year-round.

By following these December care tips, you ensure your herbaceous plants remain strong and ready to burst into life with the arrival of spring. Deliberate action now, such as cutting back, mulching, and protecting vulnerable plants, prepares your garden for the seasonal cycle, keeping it healthy and vibrant. Enjoy the satisfaction of nurturing your garden through winter and anticipating the growth to come.

Dahlias and Bulbs

As winter grips, December is a critical month for ensuring your dahlias and bulbs remain protected and ready for the upcoming growing season. Proper care during this time helps preserve their health and vitality, setting the stage for a flourishing garden in the spring and summer. Here’s how to care for your dahlias and bulbs during December.

Storing Dahlia Tubers

If you haven’t already, December is your last chance to dig up and store your dahlia tubers. Begin by cutting back stems to a few inches above the ground, then carefully lift the tubers from the soil. Shake off any excess dirt and inspect for signs of disease or damage. Allow the tubers to dry before storing them in a cool, dry, frost-free place. Use boxes filled with sand, sawdust, or peat-free compost to keep them insulated. Ensure adequate airflow to prevent rot and check them periodically throughout winter.

Caring for Bulbs

Many bulbs, such as tulips and daffodils, are best planted in the autumn, but if you haven’t got them in the ground yet, you can still plant them in early December if conditions allow. Ensure the soil isn’t waterlogged or frozen, as bulbs need good drainage to avoid rot. Plant bulbs at a depth of about two to three times their height for optimal growth and flowering.

Mulching and Protection

After planting bulbs and lifting dahlia tubers, apply a layer of mulch over bulb beds to help regulate soil temperature and conserve moisture. Mulching can also suppress weed growth, reducing competition for nutrients. For plants left in the ground, such as hardy bulbs, ensure they’re covered with mulch or cloches to protect from extreme cold and heavy frost.

Planning for Additional Bulb Plantings

December is also a good time to plan for next year’s garden display. Consider ordering summer-flowering bulbs, such as lilies and gladioli, for planting in early spring. Evaluate the current layout and think about where new colours and varieties might enhance your garden’s design.

Maintaining Garden Hygiene

Keep your garden tidy by removing fallen leaves and debris, particularly around bulb plants, as these can harbour pests and diseases. Encouraging good air circulation around bulbs reduces the risk of fungal infections and keeps your garden healthier.

By addressing these essential tasks for dahlias and bulbs in December, you prepare your garden for a successful spring blooming season. Proper storage, planting, and protection are key to ensuring vibrant results. With thoughtful care and planning, your garden will reward you with a stunning display through the warmer months.

Flowers from Seed

With winter firmly in place, December is the time gardeners to concentrate on flowers cultivated from seed. This transitional month is crucial for seed storage, early preparation, and maintaining plant health, all of which contribute to a magnificent flowering display in the seasons ahead.

Seed Saving and Storage

December is an ideal time to organise and store seeds collected from the previous growing season. If you haven’t done so already, ensure seeds are fully dry before storage to prevent mould. Store them in a cool, dry place using labelled envelopes or small jars to maintain variety and viability. Proper storage preserves seed health, ensuring successful germination when sowing resumes in spring.

Winter Sowing Techniques

For hardy annuals such as sweet peas, December offers the opportunity for winter sowing, which can lead to earlier blooms. Start these seeds indoors or in greenhouses to give them a head start before the last frost. Use seed trays or pots with well-draining compost, and position them where they receive sufficient light. Winter sowing mimics natural conditions and, for certain flowers, this early sowing can enhance their springtime resilience.

Caring for Biennials and Perennials

Biennial flowers, such as foxgloves and hollyhocks, deserve attention during December. Ensure young plants have sufficient mulch to protect them from harsh winter temperatures. Perennials established from seed can also benefit from added mulch for root protection and moisture retention. Careful attention now enhances their vigour come spring.

Planning and Preparation

December is a time to plan next spring’s garden layout and flower varieties. Use this period to determine which seeds to order and where to plant them for optimal growth and colour impact. Research characteristics such as bloom time, height, and light requirements to facilitate a coherent garden design. Early planning equates to smooth implementation when the sowing season resumes.

Environmental Considerations

Finally, keep an eye on garden hygiene by clearing up dead foliage and debris to reduce pest and disease pressure. Protecting flower beds from harsh elements using windbreaks or fleece ensures the seedlings and remaining plants withstand winter.

By focusing on these tasks, you support your flowers grown from seed throughout December and lay the foundation for a stunning garden display. Effective seed storage, well-timed sowing, and thoughtful care for existing plants pave the way to a successful blooming season. With careful preparation, you can enjoy the rewards of a vibrant and flourishing flower garden in the months ahead.

Vegetables

December brings a winter chill to the UK, but vegetable gardeners can still find plenty to occupy their time. By focusing on tasks like harvesting, soil care, and crop rotation planning, you can set your garden up for a productive growing season, even in these colder months.

Harvesting and Protecting Winter Crops

Even in December, you can enjoy the bounty of hardy winter vegetables such as kale, Brussels sprouts, and parsnips. Harvest these crops as needed, but ensure you provide frost protection when temperatures drop. Use cloches or fleece to protect leafy greens from frost damage, ensuring they remain productive and ready for continued harvesting.

Preparing and Protecting Soil

After harvesting, it’s crucial to prepare your soil for next season. Start by clearing dead plant material and incorporating organic matter such as well-rotted manure or compost into the soil. This enriches the soil, enhancing its structure and fertility. Applying a mulch layer helps retain moisture and protects the soil from erosion during heavy rains or frosts.

Sowing Overwintering Seeds

December is a perfect month to sow overwintering seeds such as broad beans and winter onions in milder regions. These crops can establish roots over winter, leading to early harvests next year. Choose a sheltered spot with well-drained soil to ensure the best start. Use a cloche or fleece to provide extra warmth and protection if frost is expected.

Planning Crop Rotation

Use December’s downtime to plan your crop rotation schedule for next year. Rotating crops is essential to prevent soil nutrient depletion and reduce pest and disease build-up. Consider which crops grew in each bed this year and plan to move them around accordingly to maintain soil health and balance.

Tool Maintenance

Finally, December offers an excellent opportunity to maintain and prepare gardening tools for the next growing season. Clean and sharpen tools to prevent rust and ensure they’re ready for spring’s demands. Well-maintained tools perform more efficiently, reducing effort and improving precision in your gardening tasks.

Support Wildlife

Encourage wildlife that benefits your vegetable garden by providing food and shelter throughout winter. Install bird feeders to attract birds that help control pests. Leaving an area of the garden wild or untamed can also provide habitat for beneficial insects and small mammals.

By focusing on these essential tasks, you ensure your vegetable garden remains healthy and productive through the winter months. Preparing soils, protecting crops, sowing new seeds, and planning for the future are all crucial steps that lay the groundwork for a successful growing season. With some effort and foresight, your garden will be well-prepared to burst into life when spring arrives.

Alpines

With winter in full swing, December demands a unique approach to caring for alpine plants. These resilient plants are well-suited for cold climates, yet they benefit from careful winter upkeep to safeguard their health and prepare them for robust growth in the months ahead.

Protecting Against Excess Moisture

One of the biggest challenges for alpines in December is avoiding overly damp conditions. These plants naturally thrive in well-drained areas, so it’s important to ensure they do not become waterlogged. If your alpines are in containers, check that drainage holes remain clear, and consider moving the plants to a sheltered spot, such as the lee of a wall, to shield them from excessive rain.

Applying Protective Mulch

Applying a layer of gravel or coarse sand around your alpine plants can help protect them from frost and prevent soil splash that might damage their delicate foliage. This layer assists in mimicking their natural habitat, offering a well-drained environment while providing some insulation against the cold.

Minimising Disturbance

Winter is a time of rest for many alpine plants, so it’s best to minimise disturbance. Avoid walking on or around alpine beds, as this can compact the soil and affect drainage. Allow plants to remain dormant during December, providing them with the best chance to rejuvenate when the weather warms.

Weeding and Maintenance

Keep the alpine area free from weeds, which can compete for nutrients and water. Regularly check for any signs of pests, such as slugs or snails, which sometimes find refuge among the plants and can cause damage. By maintaining a clean environment, you help prevent disease and encourage strong growth.

Planning for Growth

December is an excellent time to plan for next year’s alpine additions. Consider the plant choices and placement for enhancing your garden’s layout and diversity. If you wish to expand your collection, research varieties that suit your conditions and prepare for spring planting by organising seeds and supplies.

Monitoring Health

Continually monitor your alpines for any signs of stress or disease, taking action swiftly if any issues arise. Quick intervention ensures that small problems do not escalate, preserving the health of your plants.

By following these December care tips, your alpine plants will stay healthy and ready for the coming season. A balance of protection and minimal intervention allows these resilient plants to flourish. With careful winter care, you’ll enjoy a stunning display in your alpine garden as spring unfolds.

Water Plants and Ponds

As December brings colder temperatures and shorter days, gardeners need to focus on maintaining their ponds and water plants. Proper care during these winter months not only ensures the health of aquatic plants but also protects the pond ecosystem, setting it up for success in the spring. Here’s how to effectively manage your pond and water plants this winter.

Clearing Debris

Start by removing any fallen leaves and debris from the pond’s surface. Debris can decompose, releasing gases harmful to fish and aquatic plants. Use a net to remove leaves and other materials regularly, keeping the water clean and healthy.

Managing Ice

If your pond is home to fish, it’s crucial to keep some of the surface ice-free. Ice obstructs gas exchange, which can be detrimental to pond life. Use a pond heater or install a floating device like a ball to keep areas of the water unfrozen. If ice does form, avoid breaking it abruptly, as the shockwaves can harm fish. Instead, melt through with a pot of warm water placed on the surface.

Protecting Water Plants

Consider the specific needs of your water plants. Hardy plants can stay in the pond but may need to be moved to deeper sections, where the water is warmer. Non-hardy species, such as water hyacinths, should be brought indoors or into a greenhouse to protect them from frost damage. Clear away any dead foliage to prevent decay in the water.

Monitoring Water Levels

Winter rains can alter pond water levels, potentially leading to overflow or flooding. Regularly check levels and adjust as needed. Providing adequate drainage and ensuring the pond edges are clear of obstructions will help manage fluctuating water levels.

Supporting Wildlife

Your pond is not just about plants and fish; it plays a crucial role in supporting wildlife. Make sure birds and other visiting animals have access to fresh, unfrozen water. Providing some form of shelter or cover at the pond’s edge can offer protection to amphibians and small mammals seeking refuge from the cold.

Planning for Spring

Use the quieter December period to plan any pond improvements, such as adding new plants or adjusting the design. Consider researching pond equipment upgrades, and create a maintenance schedule for the coming year.

By following these essential December care tips, you help maintain a balanced pond environment. Keeping water clear, managing ice, and ensuring plant health are crucial steps in fostering a thriving pond ecosystem through winter and into the spring. With care and attention, your pond will continue to be a vibrant feature in your garden.

Greenhouses

With winter firmly in place, December becomes a critical month for maintaining your greenhouse. By focusing on insulation, heating, and ventilation, you can create a stable environment that keeps plants thriving despite the cold temperatures outside.

Insulating and Sealing

Maintaining consistent temperatures is vital during the winter months. Check for any draughts or gaps in the greenhouse structure, and seal them using weather-stripping or caulk. Enhance insulation by adding bubble wrap to the interior sides. Bubble wrap is an effective and affordable way to keep warmth in without obstructing light. Ensure any heaters or heat sources are functioning correctly and are safely installed.

Heating and Ventilation

While keeping a greenhouse warm is important, ventilation should not be overlooked. Proper airflow prevents the buildup of condensation, which can lead to mould and mildew. On milder days, open vents and doors to allow fresh air to circulate. Use thermostatically controlled heaters to manage temperature, providing sufficient warmth without overheating.

Managing Humidity

Humidity can become a problem in winter, particularly within a confined space. Using a humidity monitor helps you keep levels in check. If necessary, reduce watering to prevent excess moisture, which can lead to fungal diseases. Where possible, water early in the day so plants have time to dry off before cooler evening temperatures.

Cleaning and Maintenance

December is an excellent time for a thorough clean of your greenhouse. Remove any plant debris, algae, and grime from surfaces, which can harbour pests and diseases. Disinfect pots, seed trays, and benches to prepare for spring planting. Regular maintenance of frames and panes also ensures the structure remains sturdy and secure throughout the harsh weather.

Deciding What to Grow

Consider sowing hardy annuals, winter lettuce, or other cold-tolerant greens that can be cultivated in greenhouse conditions. Use heated propagators to give seeds a good start. Overwintering tender plants within the greenhouse is also an option; however, ensure they have adequate light to continue growing healthily.

Planning Ahead

Use December to strategise for the upcoming growing season. Review your successes and challenges from the past year. Make notes and plan your planting schedule for spring. Consider purchasing seeds and supplies now to avoid the early spring rush.

Following these steps can ensure that your greenhouse remains an efficient and productive space throughout December. From insulation to cleaning, careful preparation will provide a haven for your plants, allowing you to enjoy a fruitful gardening season despite the winter chill.

Shrubs

As December brings cooler weather to the UK, gardeners must focus on caring for shrubs to ensure they remain healthy and vibrant throughout winter. Whether evergreen or deciduous, shrubs form the backbone of many gardens, providing structure and interest year-round. Here’s how to care for your shrubs this December.

Pruning and Tidying

Winter is an excellent time for pruning many types of deciduous shrubs, as their branches are bare, making it easier to see the structure and shape. Remove any dead, damaged, or diseased wood to promote healthy growth in the spring. Trim back overly long branches to maintain the desired shape and size. However, avoid pruning spring-flowering shrubs, such as forsythia or lilac, as you’ll remove the buds that will bloom next season.

Mulching for Protection

Apply a layer of mulch around the base of your shrubs to provide insulation against cold temperatures. Organic mulch like bark chips or leaf mould helps retain soil moisture, suppresses weeds, and breaks down to improve soil quality. Ensure the mulch does not touch the bark directly to prevent rot and disease.

Checking for Pests and Diseases

Even in winter, it’s important to monitor shrubs for signs of pests and diseases. Inspect branches and leaves for any indications of mildew, rust, or unusual damage. Dormant oil sprays can be used to control overwintering insects such as scale or aphids, but always follow application guidelines.

Supporting and Protecting from Weather

For larger shrubs, ensure they are well-supported and protected from harsh winds. Use ties and stakes where necessary to prevent wind damage. In areas prone to heavy snowfall, gently shake branches to remove excess snow accumulation, reducing the risk of breakage.

Planting and Relocating

If the ground isn’t frozen, December can be a good time to plant new shrubs or relocate existing ones. The dormancy period allows roots to establish without the stress of supporting growth. Ensure that the planting site has well-draining soil and is appropriate for the shrub species’ specific light and space needs.

Planning Ahead

December is a great time to plan for any new shrub plantings or garden design changes. Consider the layout and how shrubs contribute to seasonal interest and privacy, and make a list of any new varieties you might want to introduce when the weather warms.

By focusing on these December tasks, you ensure your shrubs remain robust and well-prepared for spring growth. Through careful pruning, mulching, and monitoring, your garden’s shrubs can thrive and continue to enhance your outdoor space throughout the year.

Trees

As December envelops the UK in winter’s chill, gardeners must focus on preparing and maintaining their trees. Proper winter care supports tree health and growth, laying a solid foundation for the coming year. Here are some practical steps for taking care of trees in your garden this December.

Pruning for Health

December is a great month for pruning deciduous trees while they are dormant. Without leaves, you can easily assess the tree’s structure. Remove any dead, diseased, or damaged branches to prevent issues come spring. Prune branches that cross or rub against each other, as this can lead to wounds and infections. Exercise caution with pruning cuts to avoid tearing bark, and use clean, sharp tools for the best results.

Protection from Frost and Wind

Although most trees are hardy, young or recently planted trees may require some protection from severe weather. Use tree guards or wraps to shield trunks from intense frost and wind, which can cause cracking or damage. For added warmth, apply a layer of mulch around the base, ensuring it is not in contact with the tree trunk to discourage rot.

Supporting Branches

Make sure any ties, stakes, or supports are in good condition as winter storms approach. Loose or ineffective supports can lead to damage or even topple young trees. Secure trees properly to prevent movement and potential harm during high winds.

Checking for Pests and Diseases

Winter is a good time to inspect trees for signs of pests and diseases. Check the bark for abnormalities or damage, which could indicate underlying issues. If you find evidence of infestation, research appropriate treatments and prepare to address them before spring.

Planting New Trees

If the ground isn’t frozen, December can still be a suitable time for planting new trees. Ensure you plant them in a location that offers adequate space and light conditions suited to the species. Properly preparing the planting site, including soil amendments for drainage and nutrient balance, will give your new trees a strong start.

Planning for Seasonal Interest

Consider how trees can enhance your garden’s visual appeal and ecosystem. Think about adding species with winter interest, such as those with striking bark or berries, that provide colour and texture during the bleak months.

By focusing on these December tasks, you help ensure your trees remain healthy and vibrant. Pruning, protection, and monitoring set the stage for successful growth. With careful attention now, your garden’s trees will continue to flourish, providing beauty and shade for years to come.

Climbers

As December’s cold weather settles across the UK, it’s important for gardeners to focus on caring for climbing plants to ensure they remain healthy and vibrant. Climbing plants add vertical interest and beauty to any garden, and with the right care, they can thrive well into the next growing season. Here’s how to care for your climbing plants this December.

Pruning and Tidying

December is a good time for pruning climbing plants, particularly deciduous varieties like wisteria and honeysuckle. Remove any dead or damaged stems to encourage healthier growth in the spring. Pruning helps maintain the desired shape and prevents these vigorous plants from becoming unruly. For spring-flowering climbers, avoid heavy pruning to preserve next season’s blooms, focusing instead on light tidying.

Securing and Supporting

Winter winds can be harsh, making it essential to check the supports for your climbing plants. Ensure that trellises, wires, and frames are secure and in good condition. Tighten any loose ties to prevent plants from becoming detached in stormy weather. Securing your climbers now prevents potential damage and helps them withstand the winter months.

Protecting Tender Varieties

While many climbing plants are hardy, more tender varieties may need extra protection. Consider wrapping vulnerable stems in fleece or burlap to guard against frost damage. If possible, move potted climbers to a more sheltered location, such as near a wall, to shield them from the harshest conditions.

Checking for Pests and Diseases

Even in cold weather, it’s crucial to monitor your climbing plants for signs of pests and diseases. Inspect leaves and stems for any indications of trouble and remove affected parts. Treat any infestations promptly to prevent them from spreading.

Mulching and Soil Care

Apply a layer of mulch around the base of your climbing plants to help insulate roots against fluctuating temperatures. Organic mulch like bark chips or well-rotted compost helps retain moisture and adds nutrients to the soil as it breaks down. Make sure the mulch doesn’t touch the stems directly to avoid rot.

Planning Future Growth

December is an opportunity to plan for future growth by considering additional climbing species that will enhance your garden. Research plants that match your garden’s conditions and design goals, and prepare for spring planting. Consider colour, flowering time, and growth habits as you plan your garden’s vertical elements.

By focusing on these essential tasks, you support the health and resilience of your climbing plants throughout December. Proper pruning, protection, and planning ensure that your climbing plants continue to add beauty and structure to your garden in the coming year.

Rhododendrons and Azaleas

As December brings the winter chill to the UK, it’s time to focus on the care of your rhododendrons and azaleas. These vibrant flowering shrubs bring stunning colour to gardens, and with the right care during the colder months, they’ll be well-prepared to flourish when spring arrives. Here are some essential tips for maintaining your rhododendrons and azaleas this December.

Mulching for Winter Protection

Providing a good layer of mulch around the base of your rhododendrons and azaleas is a key step in December. Use materials such as pine needles, bark chips, or leaf mould to insulate the roots from cold temperatures. The mulch helps retain soil moisture, maintain a steady temperature, and gradually improves soil quality as it breaks down.

Ensuring Proper Drainage

Rhododendrons and azaleas thrive in well-drained, acidic soil. As winter approaches, ensure that your garden soil has proper drainage to prevent waterlogging, which can damage roots. If needed, consider creating slight elevations or raised beds to facilitate better water movement away from the plant bases.

Protecting from Harsh Elements

In windy areas, rhododendrons and azaleas can benefit from some protection against harsh winter weather. Erect windbreaks or temporary screens to shield them from strong gusts, which can lead to dehydration and leaf damage. For especially sensitive varieties, consider using horticultural fleece for added frost protection on particularly cold nights.

Checking for Pests and Diseases

Inspect your plants regularly for signs of trouble, such as leaf spots or evidence of pests like vine weevils. Although pest activity slows in winter, it’s still wise to keep an eye out and address any problems quickly to prevent them from escalating.

Planning for the Growing Season

December is an ideal time to plan improvements for the upcoming year. Consider whether you’d like to add more rhododendrons or azaleas to your garden, or if you need to adjust their placement for optimum growth. Research different varieties that suit your soil and sunlight conditions to enhance your garden’s layout.

By following these steps, you can ensure that your rhododendrons and azaleas remain healthy and prepared for spring. Proper winter care sets the stage for these beautiful shrubs to deliver a breathtaking display, adding structure and colour to your garden.

Hedges

As December rolls in, gardens embrace the winter chill, potentially leaving many of us wondering how to ensure our hedges remain healthy and attractive. Hedges can be an integral part of your garden, providing privacy, structure, and habitat for local wildlife. With a little care and attention, your hedges can thrive even through the cold winter months. Here’s what you can do with them this December.

Pruning and Trimming

December is an ideal time for pruning deciduous hedges while they are dormant. This not only helps maintain their shape but also encourages new growth in the spring. Use sharp, clean secateurs or loppers to cut back any dead or diseased branches. Aim for a neat, tapered shape, which not only looks good but also prevents branches from drooping into pathways or flower beds.

Protecting from Frost

Winter can be harsh, particularly with frost and cold winds. If you have newly planted hedges, consider wrapping them in hessian or fleece to provide extra insulation. This simple step can shield them from harsh elements and help establish robust root systems. Mulching around the base can also retain moisture and warm the roots, encouraging healthy growth come spring.

Tidying Up the Garden

December is a perfect time to tidy up around your hedges. Rake up fallen leaves and clear any debris that may have accumulated. This not only keeps your garden looking neat but also reduces the risk of fungal diseases that thrive in damp conditions. A well-kept space around your hedges allows for better air circulation and sunlight penetration when winter fades away.

Planning for Spring

As you tend to your hedges, take note of any gaps or areas needing more structure. Consider what new plants or varieties may complement your existing hedges in the spring. Keep a notebook handy to jot down ideas, ensuring your garden evolves beautifully come the warmer months.

Taking the time to care for your hedges in December pays off immensely as your garden flourishes in the spring. With these simple tasks, you can enjoy a well-maintained garden that provides beauty and function throughout the year.

Fruit

December may bring icy temperatures and shorter days, but there’s still plenty to do in the fruit garden. Proper care during this month can set the stage for a healthy and productive growing season next year.

Pruning and Training

Winter, and particularly December, is an ideal time to prune many types of fruit trees. Apple and pear trees can be pruned to improve their shape and encourage healthy growth next spring. Thin out congested branches, remove any that are dead or diseased, and cut back to promote airflow within the tree’s canopy. For espaliered trees, tie in new tiers to maintain their structure, and prune autumn raspberries to prepare them for the coming year.

Planting New Trees

December is also a good time for planting new fruit trees, provided the ground isn’t frozen or waterlogged. Bare-root trees establish well when planted during their dormant period. Ensure the planting site has well-drained soil and consider adding a generous amount of well-rotted manure or compost to the planting hole for added nutrients.

Protecting Your Trees

Protecting your fruit trees from winter weather and pests is crucial. Mulch around the base of young trees to insulate their roots against frost. Use netting or fleece to shield brassicas from hungry pigeons and place mouse controls near stored fruit and vegetables to prevent damage. Slugs can still be a threat in damp conditions, so ensure effective slug control measures are in place.

General Maintenance

Clear fallen leaves and debris from around your fruit trees as these can harbour pests and diseases. Remove any yellowed or rotten leaves on Brussels sprouts and other brassicas to prevent fungal infections like grey mould and downy mildew. Additionally, check stored apples and pears regularly for canker and bitter pit and remove affected fruit to prevent the spread of these issues.

Tidying Up and Soil Care

Now is the perfect time to clean up your gardening tools and organise your shed. Take the opportunity to dig over vacant areas of your vegetable and fruit plots, incorporating soil improvers to enrich the soil for next year’s planting.

By following these December gardening tips, you’ll ensure your fruit trees and bushes are well-prepared to endure the winter, setting the stage for a bountiful harvest in the coming year. Enjoy the slower pace this month brings, and take satisfaction in knowing the care you provide now will yield delicious results when warmer weather returns.

Houseplants

As the days grow shorter and the temperatures drop, caring for your houseplants becomes increasingly important. In December, it’s crucial to adjust your plant care routine to ensure your indoor garden stays healthy and vibrant through the winter months. Here are some essential tips to help your houseplants thrive during the colder season.

Adjust Watering Frequency

Watering needs for houseplants decrease significantly in winter. With reduced growth and lower light levels, most plants require less moisture. Water only when the top two inches of soil feel dry to the touch. Overwatering can lead to root rot, so it’s better to err on the side of caution. Use room temperature water to avoid shocking your plants with cold water.

Provide Adequate Light

With fewer daylight hours, finding the right spot for your houseplants is essential. Place your plants where they can receive the maximum amount of indirect sunlight. Clean the leaves regularly to ensure they can absorb as much light as possible. Consider using artificial grow lights if natural light is insufficient, especially for light-loving plants.

Maintain a Steady Temperature

Houseplants prefer stable temperatures, usually between 12-18°C. Avoid placing your plants near draughty windows, doors, or vents, as sudden temperature changes can stress them. Keep them away from direct heat sources like radiators, which can dry out the air and harm your plants. If your plants are on a windowsill, move them away from the glass at night to protect them from the cold.

Increase Humidity

Indoor humidity levels tend to drop in winter, which can be challenging for many houseplants. Boost humidity by misting your plants regularly with tepid water. Grouping plants together can also help create a more humid microenvironment. Alternatively, place a humidifier in the room, or set your plants on trays filled with damp gravel.

Reduce Feeding

Most houseplants enter a dormant period during the winter, so they don’t need as many nutrients. Cut back on fertiliser to prevent salt build-up in the soil, which can harm the roots. Resume regular feeding in the spring when the plants start showing signs of new growth.

Check for Pests

Winter can be a time when pests such as spider mites and aphids become a problem due to the warm indoor environment. Inspect your plants regularly, and remove any pests you find using an organic insecticidal soap or a damp cloth. Keeping your plants clean and healthy will help them resist infestations.

Prune and Clean

Pruning your houseplants helps maintain their shape and encourages healthy growth. Remove any dead or yellowing leaves, and trim leggy stems to promote compact growth. Cleaning your plants’ leaves not only improves their appearance but also helps them photosynthesize more efficiently.

By following these December houseplant care tips, you can ensure your indoor garden remains healthy and vibrant throughout the winter months. With a little extra attention, your houseplants will be ready to flourish when the growing season returns.

Patios

As winter takes hold, your patio might look less inviting, but there’s still plenty you can do to keep it in good shape. Maintaining your patio during December ensures it remains a functional and attractive part of your garden throughout the colder months. Here are some essential tips for keeping your patio in tip-top condition this winter.

Clear Leaves and Debris

Fallen leaves, twigs, and other debris can accumulate on your patio, creating a slipping hazard when wet or frosty. Sweep regularly to prevent a build-up of organic matter and to keep your patio clean and safe. Removing leaves also stops them from breaking down and staining your patio slabs, keeping them looking fresh.

Clean and Protect Surfaces

Winter weather can be harsh on patio surfaces, causing moss and algae growth that becomes slippery when wet. Use a pressure washer or a stiff brush and a mild detergent to clean the surfaces thoroughly. Follow up with a patio cleaning solution to remove stubborn stains and to help prevent new moss and algae from forming.

Maintain and Arrange Furniture

Patio furniture often gets neglected during the winter, but a little maintenance can go a long way. Clean your furniture and apply a protective cover if possible. Alternatively, store it in a shed or garage to protect it from the elements. If you have heavy items that stay outside, arrange them thoughtfully to prevent wind damage and to make the space more visually appealing.

Protect Pots and Planters

Terracotta pots are particularly vulnerable to cracking in freezing temperatures. Move pots and planters to a sheltered spot or wrap them in bubble wrap to insulate them. Consider using frost-resistant containers for outdoor winter plants. Grouping pots together can also provide added protection against the cold.

Add Winter Interest

Your patio doesn’t need to look dull in December. Bring in some winter interest with hardy plants like heather, cyclamen, and evergreen shrubs. Use containers to add splashes of colour and create a welcoming atmosphere. Adding outdoor lighting, such as string lights or lanterns, can also brighten up those long, dark evenings.

Prevent Slips and Falls

Icy conditions can make patios slippery. Sprinkle sand or salt to provide traction and reduce the risk of falls. Avoid using chemicals that may damage your patio surfaces. Regularly check for icy patches and take action to keep the area safe and accessible.

Inspect and Repair

Use this quieter gardening month to inspect your patio for any cracks or areas that need repair. Filling small cracks now can prevent further damage from freezing and thawing cycles. Check the grouting between paving slabs and replace or repair any that are damaged to keep your patio looking its best.

By following these December patio care tips, you’ll ensure your outdoor space remains attractive and functional even through the winter. A little maintenance now will pay off when the warmer weather returns, and you’re ready to enjoy your patio to the fullest

.

General Tasks

December might bring frost and shorter days, but there’s still plenty to do in the garden. Tackling these tasks will keep your garden healthy and ready for spring. Here are some essential garden jobs to focus on during December.

Prepare the Soil

Winter is an ideal time to improve your soil. Add well-rotted manure or garden compost to your beds to enrich the soil and improve its structure. Digging over the soil in vacant areas allows frost to break down heavy clods, making it easier to work with in spring.

Tidy Borders and Beds

Clear any remaining dead plants and debris from borders and beds. This tidying-up process helps to prevent diseases and pests from overwintering in your garden. Cut back perennials that have died down, and remove any annuals that have finished their lifecycle.

Protect Tender Plants

Frost can be harsh on tender plants. Use horticultural fleece to cover delicate plants and protect them from freezing temperatures. Move potted plants to sheltered areas, or if possible, bring them indoors or into a greenhouse. Grouping plants together can provide additional warmth.

Maintain Garden Tools

December is a good month to take care of your gardening tools. Clean them thoroughly, removing any soil and plant residue. Sharpen blades on pruners, shears, and lawnmower blades. Oiling metal parts helps prevent rust and ensures your tools are ready for the busy gardening season ahead.

Prune Deciduous Trees and Shrubs

Pruning deciduous trees and shrubs during their dormant period helps to improve their shape and health. Focus on removing dead, diseased, or damaged branches. Thinning out congested branches also allows better air circulation, which reduces the risk of disease.

Feed the Wildlife

Winter can be tough for garden wildlife. Keep bird feeders topped up with seeds and nuts, and provide fresh water. Clean out birdbaths regularly to prevent the spread of disease. If you have a pond, consider adding a pond heater to prevent it from freezing completely, allowing aquatic life to survive.

Plan for Next Year

December is a great time to plan your garden for the coming year. Take a look at seed catalogues and decide what you want to grow. Create a planting plan, considering crop rotation and companion planting to maximise your garden’s productivity. Reflecting on what worked and what didn’t this year can guide your choices for next year.

By addressing these general garden tasks in December, you’ll keep your garden in good shape and set the stage for a productive and beautiful growing season ahead. Enjoy the slower pace of winter gardening and take satisfaction in preparing for the months to come.

Conclusion

December in the garden may seem quiet, but it’s an essential time for preparation and maintenance. By focusing on a few key tasks, you’ll ensure your garden remains healthy and vibrant through the winter months and into the new growing season.

Start by enriching your soil with well-rotted manure or compost, giving it the nutrients needed for spring growth. Tidy up your borders and beds, clearing dead plants and debris to prevent pests and diseases from taking hold. Protect your tender plants with horticultural fleece, and move potted plants to sheltered spots or indoors to shield them from the frost.

Maintaining your garden tools is another important task. Clean them thoroughly, sharpen blades, and oil metal parts to keep everything in top condition. Pruning deciduous trees and shrubs during their dormant phase helps shape and maintain their health, ensuring they’re ready to flourish come spring.

Don’t forget the wildlife in your garden. Keep bird feeders topped up and provide fresh water, ensuring birds and other creatures can find sustenance. For ponds, use a heater to prevent freezing, helping aquatic life to survive the cold months.

Finally, take this quieter time to plan for next year. Review seed catalogues, create planting plans, and reflect on what worked well in your garden this year. This planning phase sets the foundation for a productive and enjoyable year ahead.

By addressing these December gardening tasks, you’re investing in the long-term health and beauty of your garden. Embrace the slower pace of winter gardening, knowing that your efforts now will lead to a more vibrant and flourishing garden when spring arrives.

Check out the RHS Gardening in December article here.

Back to The Gardeners Calendar